Identity Governance (IGA)
The discipline that answers "does the right identity have the right access, today and over time" — lifecycle, access requests, certification, role modeling, and separation of duties.
aka: IGA
Identity governance is one of the five domains of IAM, and it exists because provisioning access correctly once isn’t enough — access has to stay correct as people change roles, projects end, and time passes. Its core mechanism is periodic review: someone with the authority to judge whether access still makes sense has to actually look.